What Greek God Eats Babies Blankets Asnnd Stone

Ruler of the Titans in mythology

Not to be dislocated with Chronos, the personification of time.

Cronus
God of the harvest
Member of Titans
Predecessor	Uranus
Successor	Zeus
Domicile	Mount Othrys (formerly) Tartarus
Planet	Saturn
Battles	Titanomachy
Symbol	Serpent, grain, sickle, scythe
Solar day	Sabbatum (hēméra Krónou)
Personal information
Parents	Uranus and Gaia
Siblings	Titans Crius Coeus Hyperion Iapetus Oceanus Mnemosyne Phoebe Rhea Tethys Theia Themis Hekatonkheires Briareos Cottus Gyges Cyclopes Arges Brontes Steropes Other siblings Aphrodite Gigantes Erinyes Meliae
Consort	Rhea
Offspring	Zeus, Hera, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, Poseidon, Chiron
Equivalents
Roman equivalent	Saturn
Slavic equivalent	Rod, Рід, Род
Egyptian equivalent	Geb
Mesopotamian equivalent	Ninurta[1]

In Greek mythology, Cronus, Cronos, or Kronos ( or , from Greek: Κρόνος, Krónos) was the leader and youngest of the starting time generation of Titans, the divine descendants of the primordial Gaia (Mother Globe) and Uranus (Father Sky). He overthrew his male parent and ruled during the mythological Golden Age, until he was overthrown past his ain son Zeus and imprisoned in Tartarus. Co-ordinate to Plato, however, the deities Phorcys, Cronus, and Rhea were the eldest children of Oceanus and Tethys.^[2]

Cronus was usually depicted with a harpe, scythe or a sickle, which was the instrument he used to castrate and depose Uranus, his begetter. In Athens, on the twelfth mean solar day of the Attic calendar month of Hekatombaion, a festival chosen Kronia was held in honour of Cronus to celebrate the harvest, suggesting that, as a upshot of his association with the virtuous Golden Age, Cronus continued to preside as a patron of the harvest. Cronus was besides identified in classical antiquity with the Roman deity Saturn.

Mythology [edit]

In an ancient myth recorded by Hesiod's Theogony, Cronus envied the ability of his begetter, Uranus, the ruler of the universe. Uranus drew the enmity of Cronus'southward mother, Gaia, when he hid the gigantic youngest children of Gaia, the hundred-handed Hecatoncheires and i-eyed Cyclopes, in Tartarus, so that they would non see the light. Gaia created a swell stone sickle and gathered together Cronus and his brothers to persuade them to desexualize Uranus.^[three]

Just Cronus was willing to practice the deed, so Gaia gave him the sickle and placed him in ambush.^[iv] When Uranus met with Gaia, Cronus attacked him with the sickle, castrating him and casting his testicles into the sea. From the claret that spilled out from Uranus and fell upon the world, the Gigantes, Erinyes, and Meliae were produced. The testicles produced a white foam from which the goddess Aphrodite emerged. For this, Uranus threatened vengeance and called his sons Titenes ^[a] for overstepping their boundaries and daring to commit such an human activity.^[b]

After dispatching Uranus, Cronus re-imprisoned the Hecatoncheires and the Cyclopes and prepare the dragon Campe to baby-sit them. He and his older sister Rhea took the throne of the world as king and queen. The catamenia in which Cronus ruled was called the Golden Historic period, equally the people of the fourth dimension had no demand for laws or rules; everyone did the right thing, and immorality was absent-minded.

Cronus learned from Gaia and Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his ain sons, just every bit he had overthrown his male parent. Equally a result, although he sired the gods Demeter, Hestia, Hera, Hades and Poseidon by Rhea, he devoured them all every bit soon as they were born to prevent the prophecy. When the 6th child, Zeus, was born, Rhea sought Gaia to devise a plan to save them and to eventually become retribution on Cronus for his acts against his begetter and children.

Rhea secretly gave birth to Zeus in Crete, and handed Cronus a stone wrapped in swaddling apparel, as well known as the Navel Rock, which he promptly swallowed, thinking that it was his son.

Rhea kept Zeus hidden in a cave on Mount Ida, Crete. According to some versions of the story, he was then raised by a goat named Amalthea, while a visitor of Kouretes, armored male dancers, shouted and clapped their hands to make enough noise to mask the baby's cries from Cronus. Other versions of the myth have Zeus raised by the nymph Adamanthea, who hid Zeus by dangling him past a rope from a tree so that he was suspended between the earth, the sea, and the sky, all of which were ruled by his begetter, Cronus. Still other versions of the tale say that Zeus was raised by his grandmother, Gaia.

In one case he had grown upward, Zeus used an emetic given to him by Gaia to force Cronus to disgorge the contents of his tummy in contrary order: first the stone, which was set up down at Pytho under the glens of Mount Parnassus to be a sign to mortal men, and and then his two brothers and three sisters. In other versions of the tale, Metis gave Cronus an emetic to strength him to disgorge the children.^[5]

Afterwards freeing his siblings, Zeus released the Hecatoncheires, and the Cyclopes who forged for him his thunderbolts, Poseidon's trident and Hades' helmet of darkness. In a vast war called the Titanomachy, Zeus and his older brothers and sisters, with the assist of the Hecatoncheires and Cyclopes, overthrew Cronus and the other Titans. Afterwards, many of the Titans were confined in Tartarus. Even so, Oceanus, Helios, Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus and Menoetius were not imprisoned post-obit the Titanomachy. Gaia bore the monster Typhon to claim revenge for the imprisoned Titans.

Accounts of the fate of Cronus afterwards the Titanomachy differ. In Homeric and other texts he is imprisoned with the other Titans in Tartarus. In Orphic poems, he is imprisoned for eternity in the cave of Nyx. Pindar describes his release from Tartarus, where he is fabricated King of Elysium by Zeus. In another version,^{[ citation needed ]} the Titans released the Cyclopes from Tartarus, and Cronus was awarded the kingship among them, beginning a Golden Age. In Virgil's Aeneid,^[6] it is Latium to which Saturn (Cronus) escapes and ascends as male monarch and lawgiver, following his defeat past his son Jupiter (Zeus).

In yet another account referred to by Robert Graves,^[7] (who claims to be post-obit the business relationship of the Byzantine mythographer Tzetzes) it is said that Cronus was castrated by his son Zeus just equally Uranus had earlier been castrated by his son Cronos. However the subject of a son castrating his own father, or simply castration in general, was so repudiated by the Greek mythographers of that time that they suppressed it from their accounts until the Christian era (when Tzetzes wrote).

Libyan business relationship past Diodorus Siculus [edit]

In a Libyan business relationship related by Diodorus Siculus (Volume 3), Uranus and Titaea were the parents of Cronus and Rhea and the other Titans. Ammon, a king of Libya, married Rhea (3.18.1). However, Rhea abased Ammon and married her younger brother Cronus. With Rhea'south incitement, Cronus and the other Titans made war upon Ammon, who fled to Crete (3.71.one–2). Cronus ruled harshly and Cronus in turn was defeated by Ammon's son Dionysus (iii.71.iii–3.73) who appointed Cronus' and Rhea'southward son, Zeus, every bit king of Egypt (3.73.4). Dionysus and Zeus and then joined their forces to defeat the remaining Titans in Crete, and on the decease of Dionysus, Zeus inherited all the kingdoms, becoming lord of the world (three.73.7–8).

Sibylline Oracles [edit]

Cronus is mentioned in the Sibylline Oracles, particularly in book three, which makes Cronus, 'Titan' and Iapetus, the three sons of Uranus and Gaia, each to receive a third sectionalisation of the Earth, and Cronus is made king over all. Afterward the death of Uranus, Titan's sons attempt to destroy Cronus's and Rhea's male person offspring as soon as they are built-in, but at Dodona, Rhea secretly bears her sons Zeus, Poseidon and Hades and sends them to Phrygia to be raised in the care of 3 Cretans. Upon learning this, sixty of Titan's men so imprison Cronus and Rhea, causing the sons of Cronus to declare and fight the offset of all wars against them. This account mentions cypher about Cronus either killing his male parent or attempting to kill any of his children.

Other accounts [edit]

Cronus was said to be the father of the wise centaur Chiron by the Oceanid Philyra, who was subsequently transformed into a linden tree.^{[8] [9] [10]} The Titan chased the nymph and consorted with her in the shape of a stallion, hence the half-human, half-equine shape of their offspring;^{[11] [12]} this was said to have taken place on Mountain Pelion.^[13]

Two other sons of Cronus and Philyra may have been Dolops^[fourteen] and Aphrus, the ancestor and eponym of the Aphroi, i.e. the native Africans.^[fifteen]

In some accounts, Cronus was also called the father of the Corybantes.^[16]

Name and comparative mythology [edit]

Antiquity [edit]

During antiquity, Cronus was occasionally interpreted as Chronos, the personification of time.^[17] The Roman philosopher Cicero (1st century BC) elaborated on this by proverb that the Greek name Cronus is synonymous to chrónos (time) since he maintains the form and cycles of seasons and the periods of time, whereas the Latin proper noun Saturn denotes that he is saturated with years since he was devouring his sons, which implies that fourth dimension devours the ages and gorges.^[18]

The Greek historian and biographer Plutarch (1st century Advertizement) asserted that the Greeks believed that Cronus was an emblematic name for χρόνος (time).^[19] The philosopher Plato (third century BC) in his Cratylus gives two possible interpretations for the proper noun of Cronus. The get-go is that his name denotes κόρος (kóros), "the pure" (καθαρόν) and "unblemished" (ἀκήρατον)^[twenty] nature of his listen.^[21] The second is that Rhea and Cronus were given names of streams: Rhea from ῥοή (rhoē) "river, stream, flux" and Cronus from χρόνος (chronos) "time".^[22] Proclus (fifth century), the Neoplatonist philosopher, makes in his Commentary on Plato'south Cratylus an extensive analysis of Cronus; among others he says that the "One crusade" of all things is "Chronos" (time) that is also equivalent to Cronus.^[23]

In improver to the proper noun, the story of Cronus eating his children was also interpreted as an allegory to a specific attribute of time held inside Cronus' sphere of influence. As the theory went, Cronus represented the destructive ravages of time which devoured all things, a concept that was illustrated when the Titan king ate the Olympian gods—the past consuming the future, the older generation suppressing the side by side generation.^[24]

The Gnostic text Pistis Sophia (3rd-quaternary century) references the name Cronus, portraying the deity as a keen ruler over others within the aeons.^[25]

From the Renaissance to the nowadays [edit]

During the Renaissance, the identification of Cronus and Chronos gave ascent to "Begetter Fourth dimension" wielding the harvesting scythe.

H. J. Rose in 1928^[26] observed that attempts to give the name Κρόνος a Greek etymology had failed. Recently, Janda (2010) offers a genuinely Indo-European etymology of "the cutter", from the root *(s)ker- "to cut" (Greek κείρω (keirō), cf. English shear), motivated past Cronus'southward characteristic act of "cutting the sky" (or the genitals of anthropomorphic Uranus). The Indo-Iranian reflex of the root is kar-, just Janda argues that the original meaning "to cutting" in a cosmogonic sense is yet preserved in some verses of the Rigveda pertaining to Indra's heroic "cutting", like that of Cronus resulting in cosmos:

RV 10.104.x ārdayad vṛtram akṛṇod ulokaṃ
he hit Vrtra fatally, cut [> creating] a complimentary path.
RV 6.47.four varṣmāṇaṃ divo akṛṇod
he cut [> created] the loftiness of the sky.

This may point to an older Indo-European mytheme reconstructed as *(south)kert wersmn diwos "by means of a cut he created the loftiness of the sky".^[27] The myth of Cronus castrating Uranus parallels the Song of Kumarbi, where Anu (the heavens) is castrated past Kumarbi. In the Vocal of Ullikummi, Teshub uses the "sickle with which heaven and globe had one time been separated" to defeat the monster Ullikummi,^[28] establishing that the "castration" of the heavens past means of a sickle was function of a creation myth, in origin a cut creating an opening or gap between heaven (imagined as a dome of stone) and earth enabling the outset of time (chronos) and homo history.^[29]

A theory debated in the 19th century, and sometimes all the same offered somewhat apologetically,^[30] holds that Κρόνος is related to "horned", assuming a Semitic derivation from qrn.^[31] Andrew Lang'due south objection, that Cronus was never represented horned in Hellenic art,^[32] was addressed by Robert Dark-brown,^[33] arguing that, in Semitic usage, as in the Hebrew Bible, qeren was a signifier of "power". When Greek writers encountered the Semitic deity El, they rendered his proper noun every bit Cronus.^[34]

Robert Graves remarks that "cronos probably means 'crow', like the Latin cornix and the Greek corōne", noting that Cronus was depicted with a crow, as were the deities Apollo, Asclepius, Saturn and Bran.^[35]

Elus, the Phoenician Cronus [edit]

When Hellenes encountered Phoenicians and, later, Hebrews, they identified the Semitic El, by interpretatio graeca, with Cronus. The association was recorded c. 100 Advertising by Philo of Byblos' Phoenician history, as reported in Eusebius' Præparatio Evangelica I.10.xvi.^[36] Philo'southward business relationship, ascribed by Eusebius to the semi-legendary pre-Trojan War Phoenician historian Sanchuniathon, indicates that Cronus was originally a Canaanite ruler who founded Byblos and was later on deified. This version gives his alternate proper name every bit Elus or Ilus, and states that in the 32nd twelvemonth of his reign, he emasculated, slew and deified his father Epigeius or Autochthon "whom they afterwards called Uranus". It further states that afterward ships were invented, Cronus, visiting the 'inhabitable globe', bequeathed Attica to his own daughter Athena, and Egypt to Taautus the son of Misor and inventor of writing.^[37]

Roman mythology and later civilisation [edit]

While the Greeks considered Cronus a cruel and tempestuous force of chaos and disorder, believing the Olympian gods had brought an era of peace and lodge by seizing power from the crude and malicious Titans,^{[ citation needed ]} the Romans took a more positive and innocuous view of the deity, by conflating their ethnic deity Saturn with Cronus. Consequently, while the Greeks considered Cronus merely an intermediary stage between Uranus and Zeus, he was a larger aspect of Roman organized religion. The Saturnalia was a festival dedicated in his honour, and at least ane temple to Saturn already existed in the archaic Roman Kingdom.

His association with the "Saturnian" Golden Age eventually caused him to become the god of "time", i.east., calendars, seasons, and harvests—not now dislocated with Chronos, the unrelated embodiment of time in full general. Even so, among Hellenistic scholars in Alexandria and during the Renaissance, Cronus was conflated with the name of Chronos, the personification of "Begetter Time",^[17] wielding the harvesting scythe.

As a result of Cronus'south importance to the Romans, his Roman variant, Saturn, has had a large influence on Western culture. The seventh day of the Judaeo-Christian calendar week is chosen in Latin Dies Saturni ("Day of Saturn"), which in turn was adapted and became the source of the English give-and-take Saturday. In astronomy, the planet Saturn is named later the Roman deity. It is the outermost of the Classical planets (the astronomical planets that are visible with the naked center).

Cronus alias Geb in Greco-Roman Egypt [edit]

In Greco-Roman Egypt, Cronus was equated with the Egyptian god Geb, because he held a quite similar position in Egyptian mythology as the male parent of the gods Osiris, Isis, Seth and Nephthys every bit Cronus did in the Greek pantheon. This equation is particularly well attested in Tebtunis in the southern Fayyum: Geb and Cronus were here office of a local version of the cult of Sobek, the crocodile god.^[38] The equation was shown on the one hand in the local iconography of the gods, in which Geb was depicted as a human with attributes of Cronus and Cronus with attributes of Geb.^[39] On the other hand, the priests of the local main temple identified themselves in Egyptian texts every bit priests of "Soknebtunis-Geb", just in Greek texts equally priests of "Soknebtunis-Cronus". Accordingly, Egyptian names formed with the proper name of the god Geb were just as popular amongst local villager as Greek names derived from Cronus, specially the name "Kronion".^[40]

Astronomy [edit]

A star (HD 240430) was named after him in 2017 when it was reported to have swallowed its planets.^[41] The planet Saturn, named after the Roman equivalent of Cronus, is however referred to every bit "Cronus" in modern Greek.

"Cronus" was also a suggested proper name for the dwarf planet Pluto, but was rejected and not voted for considering it was suggested past the unpopular and egocentric astronomer Thomas Jefferson Jackson See.^[42]

Genealogy [edit]

Descendants of Cronus and Rhea[43]
Uranus' genitals CRONUS Rhea Zeus Hera Poseidon Hades Demeter Hestia     a [44]      b [45] Ares Hephaestus Metis Athena[46] Leto Apollo Artemis Maia Hermes Semele Dionysus Dione     a [47]      b [48] Aphrodite

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Τιτῆνες; according to Hesiod pregnant "straining ones," the source of the word "titan", simply this etymology is disputed.
2. ^ in an alternate version of this myth, a more benevolent Cronus overthrew the wicked serpentine Titan Ophion and in doing so he released the earth from bondage and for a fourth dimension ruled it justly.^{[ citation needed ]}

Citations and references [edit]

1. ^ A Day in the Life of God (Paperback bw 5th Ed). ISBN978-0615241944.
2. ^ Plato (1925) [c.  360 BC]. Timaeus. Translated by Lamb, W.R.M. Cambridge, MA; London, UK: Harvard Academy Printing; William Heinemann Ltd. 40e – via Perseus, Tufts University.
   Encounter also Wikipedia article: Timaeus.
3. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 154–66.
4. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 167–206. .
5. ^ Apollodorus, 1.2.one.
6. ^ Vergil. "Book VIII, pp 323 ff". Aeneid.
7. ^ Graves, Robert, Hebrew Myths 21.4
8. ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, 1200
9. ^ Pliny the Elder, Natural History 7. 197
10. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica two.1235 citing Pherecydes
11. ^ Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 2. 1231 ff
12. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1. 554
13. ^ Callimachus, Hymn 4 to Delos 104 ff
14. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae, Preface.
15. ^ Suda s.five. Aphroi
16. ^ Strabo, Geographica ten.3.19.
17. ^ ^{a b} "Κρόνος , ὁ, Cronos […]. Later interpreted every bit, = χρόνος": LSJ entry Κρόνος.
18. ^ Cicero, De Natura Deorum 25
19. ^ "These men [the Egyptians] are like the Greeks who say that Cronus is but a metaphorical name for χρόνος (time)." Plutarch, On Isis and Osiris, 32
20. ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940) [1843], "ἀκήρ-α^τος", A Greek-English Lexicon (revised and augmented throughout past Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, retrieved 9 Baronial 2016 – via Perseus Digital Library
21. ^ Plato, Cratylus, 402b
22. ^ Plato, Cratylus, 402b
23. ^ Proclus, Commentary on Plato's Cratylus, 396B7.
24. ^ Marenbon, John (ed.). Verse and Philosophy in the Middle Ages. A Festschrift for Peter Dronke. Brill, Leiden (NE) 2001, p. 316.
25. ^ George R. S. Mead (1963). "136". Pistis Sophia. Jazzybee Verlag. ISBN9783849687090 . Retrieved ii November 2021.
26. ^ Rose, A Handbook of Greek Mythology 1928:43.
27. ^ Michael Janda, Die Musik nach dem Chaos, Innsbruck 2010, pp. 54–56.
28. ^ Fritz Graf, Thomas Marier, Greek mythology: an introduction, trans. Thomas Marier, 1996, ISBN 978-0-8018-5395-1, p. 88.
29. ^ Janda 2010, p. 54 and passim.
30. ^ "Nosotros would like to consider whether the Semitic stem qrnmight be connected with the proper name Kronos," suggests A. P. Bos, every bit tardily as 1989, in Catholic and Meta-cosmic Theology in Aristotle'southward Lost Dialogues, 1989:11, note 26.
31. ^ As in H. Lewy, Dice semitischen Fremdwörter in Griechischen, 1895:216, and Robert Brown, The Smashing Dionysiak Myth, 1877, two.127. "Kronos signifies 'the Horned i'", the Rev. Alexander Hislop had previously asserted in The Ii Babylons; or, The papal worship proved to exist the worship of Nimrod and his wife, Hislop, 2nd ed. 1862 (p. 46), with the notation "From krn, a horn. The epithet Carneus applied to Apollo is just a unlike form of the same give-and-take. In the Orphic Hymns, Apollo is addressed equally 'the Two-Horned god'".
32. ^ Lang, Modern Mythology, 1897:35.
33. ^ Brown, Semitic Influence in Hellenic Mythology, 1898:112ff.
34. ^ "Philôn, who of grade regarded Kronos as an Hellenic divinity, which indeed he became, ever renders the proper noun of the Semitic god Îl or Êl ('the Powerful') by 'Kronos', in which usage we have a lingering feeling of the real meaning of the proper name" (Brown 1898:116).
35. ^ Graves, Robert (1955). "The Castration of Uranus". Greek Myths. London: Penguin. p. 38. ISBN0-14-001026-2.
36. ^ Walcot, "Five or Seven Recesses?", The Classical Quarterly, New Serial, fifteen.i (May 1965), p. 79. The quote stands as Philo, Fr. 2.
37. ^ Eusebius of Caesarea: Praeparatio Evangelica Book i, Chapter x.
38. ^ Kockelmann, Holger (2017). Der Herr der Seen, Sümpfe und Flußläufe. Untersuchungen zum Gott Sobek und den ägyptischen Krokodilgötter-Kulten von den Anfängen bis zur Römerzeit. Vol. 1. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 81–88. ISBN978-3-447-10810-two.
39. ^ Rondot, Vincent (2013). Derniers visages des dieux dʼÉgypte. Iconographies, panthéons et cultes dans le Fayoum hellénisé des IIe–IIIe siècles de notre ère. Paris: Presses de lʼuniversité Paris-Sorbonne; Éditions du Louvre. pp. 75–80, 122–27, 241–46.
40. ^ Sippel, Benjamin (2020). Gottesdiener und Kamelzüchter: Das Alltags- und Sozialleben der Sobek-Priester im kaiserzeitlichen Fayum. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 73–78. ISBN978-3-447-11485-i.
41. ^ Sokol, Josh (21 September 2017). "Star nicknamed Kronos after eating its own planetary children". New Scientist . Retrieved fifteen October 2017.
42. ^ Innes III, Kenneth. "Thomas Jefferson Jackson Meet". Retrieved 6 June 2020.
43. ^ This chart is based upon Hesiod's Theogony, unless otherwise noted.
44. ^ According to Homer, Iliad one.570–579, 14.338, Odyssey eight.312, Hephaestus was apparently the son of Hera and Zeus, see Gantz, p. 74.
45. ^ According to Hesiod, Theogony 927–929, Hephaestus was produced by Hera alone, with no father, meet Gantz, p. 74.
46. ^ According to Hesiod, Theogony 886–890, of Zeus' children past his seven wives, Athena was the first to be conceived, just the last to be born; Zeus impregnated Metis then swallowed her, later Zeus himself gave birth to Athena "from his head", see Gantz, pp. 51–52, 83–84.
47. ^ According to Hesiod, Theogony 183–200, Aphrodite was built-in from Uranus' severed genitals, meet Gantz, pp. 99–100.
48. ^ Co-ordinate to Homer, Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus (Iliad 3.374, 20.105; Odyssey 8.308, 320) and Dione (Iliad 5.370–71), run into Gantz, pp. 99–100.

References [edit]

• Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853–1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. Online version at the Topos Text Projection.
• Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica. George Due west. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. Greek text bachelor at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Callimachus, Hymns translated by Alexander William Mair (1875–1928). London: William Heinemann; New York: 1000.P. Putnam's Sons. 1921. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
• Callimachus, Works. A.W. Mair. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1921. Greek text bachelor at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Gantz, Timothy, Early on Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Creative Sources, Johns Hopkins University Printing, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-three (Vol. 2).
• Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh Chiliad. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text bachelor from the aforementioned website.
• Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Homer. Homeri Opera in 5 volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Homer, The Odyssey with an English language Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in ii volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text bachelor from the same website.
• Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. Academy of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
• Marcus Tullius Cicero, Nature of the Gods from the Treatises of G.T. Cicero translated past Charles Knuckles Yonge (1812–1891), Bohn edition of 1878. Online version at the Topos Text Projection.
• Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Natura Deorum. O. Plasberg. Leipzig. Teubner. 1917. Latin text bachelor at the Perseus Digital Library.
• The Hymns of Orpheus. Translated by Taylor, Thomas (1792). University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Online version at the theoi.com
• Plato, Timaeus in Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vol. 9 translated past W.R.M. Lamb. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1925. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Pliny the Elderberry, The Natural History. John Bostock, Yard.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Cherry-red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Pseudo-Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in ii Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
• Publius Vergilius Maro, Eclogues. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1895. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics of Vergil. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
• Strabo, Geography, Editors, H.C. Hamilton, Esq., Westward. Falconer, Grand.A., London. George Bell & Sons. 1903. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.

External links [edit]

• Media related to Kronos at Wikimedia Eatables

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronus

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